Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2015 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 5 Articles
Background. Proton pump inhibitor and histamine-2 receptor antagonist can prevent aspirin-related ulcers/erosions but few\nstudies compare the efficacy of these two agents. Aims. We evaluated the efficacy of omeprazole and famotidine in preventing\nrecurrent ulcers/erosions in low-dose aspirin users. Methods.The 24-week clinical outcomes of the patients using low-dose aspirin\nfor cardiovascular protection with a history of ulcers/erosions and cotherapy of omeprazole or famotidine were retrospectively\nreviewed. The incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms, recurrent ulcers/erosions, erosive esophagitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, and\nthromboembolic events was analyzed. Results. A total of 104 patients (famotidine group, 49 patients; omeprazole group, 55 patients)\nwere evaluated. Famotidine group had more gastrointestinal symptoms episodes than omeprazole group (46.9% versus 23.6%,\nP = 0.01). Fifteen famotidine group patients and 5 omeprazole group patients had recurrent ulcers/erosions (30.6% versus 9.1%,\nP = 0.005). Lanza scale was significantly lower in omeprazole group than in famotidine group (1.2�±0.7 versus 1.7�±1.1, P = 0.008).\nOnly 1 famotidine group patient had ulcer bleeding. The incidences of erosive esophagitis and thromboembolic events were\ncomparable between both groups. Conclusions. Omeprazole was superior to famotidine with less gastrointestinal symptoms and\nrecurrent ulcers/erosions in patients using 24-week low-dose aspirin. The risk of erosive esophagitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, and\nthromboembolic events was similar between both groups....
Purpose Tumor cells can be effectively inactivated by heating\nmediated by magnetic nanoparticles. However, optimized\nnanomaterials to supply thermal stress inside the tumor remain\nto be identified. The present study investigates the therapeutic\neffects of magnetic hyperthermia induced by superparamagnetic\niron oxide nanoparticles on breast (MDA-MB-231) and pancreatic\ncancer (BxPC-3) xenografts in mice in vivo.\nMethods Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, synthesized\neither via an aqueous (MF66; average core size 12 nm) or\nan organic route (OD15; average core size 15 nm) are analyzed\nin terms of their specific absorption rate (SAR), cell uptake and\ntheir effectivity in in vivo hyperthermia treatment.\nResults Exceptionally high SAR values ranging from 658�±\n53 W*gFe\n?1 for OD15 up to 900�±22 W*gFe\n?1 for MF66 were\ndetermined in an alternating magnetic field (AMF, H=15.4 kA*m?1\n(19 mT), f=435 kHz). Conversion of SAR values into systemindependent\nintrinsic loss power (ILP, 6.4�±0.5 nH*m2*kg?1\n(OD15) and 8.7�±0.2 nH*m2*kg?1 (MF66)) confirmed the markedly\nhigh heating potential compared to recently published data.\nMagnetic hyperthermia after intratumoral nanoparticle injection\nresults in dramatically reduced tumor volume in both cancer models,\nalthough the applied temperature dosages measured as CEM43T90\n(cumulative equivalent minutes at 43�°C) are only between 1 and\n24 min. Histological analysis of magnetic hyperthermia treated tumor\ntissue exhibit alterations in cell viability (apoptosis and necrosis) and\nshow a decreased cell proliferation.\nConclusions Concluding, the studied magnetic nanoparticles\nlead to extensive cell death in human tumor xenografts and are\nconsidered suitable platforms for future hyperthermic studies....
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer treatment involves the pathology�s uptake of photosensitizers, which produce cytotoxic\nreactive oxygen species by photoirradiation. The use of nanoparticles as carriers of photosensitizers is one promising approach to\nthis endeavor, owing to their small size, unique physicochemical properties, and easy/diverse functionalization. In the current work,\nwe report on the in vivo assessment of PDT efficacy of these nanoconstructs in a murine model of human breast cancer, following\na single (one-shot) nanoparticle dose and photoirradiation. Palladium-porphyrin (PdTPP) was administered intratumorally via\ninjection of aqueous suspensions of either free PdTPP or MSN-conjugated PdTPP (MSN-PdTPP) at a dose of 50 ????g. Mice were\nthen exposed to a single photoirradiation session with total energy of 80 J. One month after one-shot PDT treatment, significantly\ngreater reductions in tumor growth were observed in MSN-Pd treated animals than in PdTPP cohorts. Electron microscopy of\ntumor specimens harvested at various timepoints revealed excellent MSN-PdTPP uptake by cancer cells while immunohistologic\nanalysis demonstrated marked increases in apoptotic response of MSN-PdTPP treated animals relative to PdTPP controls. Taken\ntogether, these findings suggest that considerable improvements in PDT efficacy can readily be achieved via the use of nanoparticlebased\nphotosensitizers....
Introduction In previous studies carried out in our laboratory,\na bile acid (BA) formulation exerted a hypoglycaemic effect in\na rat model of type-1 diabetes (T1D). When the antidiabetic\ndrug gliclazide (G) was added to the bile acid, it augmented the\nhypoglycaemic effect. In a recent study, we designed a new formulation of gliclazide-cholic acid (G-CA), with good structural\nproperties, excipient compatibility and exhibits\npseudoplastic-thixotropic characteristics. The aim of this study\nis to test the slow release and pH-controlled properties of this new\nformulation. The aim is also to examine the effect of CA on G\nrelease kinetics at various pH values and different temperatures.\nMethod Microencapsulation was carried out using our Buchibasedmicroencapsulating\nsystemdeveloped in our laboratory.\nUsing sodium alginate (SA) polymer, both formulations were\nprepared: G-SA (control) and G-CA-SA (test) at a constant\nratio (1:3:30), respectively. Microcapsules were examined for\nefficiency, size, release kinetics, stability and swelling studies\nat pH 1.5, pH 3, pH 7.4 and pH 7.8 and temperatures of 20 and\n30 �°C.\nResults The new formulation is further optimised by the addition\nof CA. CA reduced microcapsule swelling of the microcapsules\nat pH 7.8 and pH 3 at 30 �°C and pH 3 at 20 �°C,\nand, even though microcapsule size remains similar after CA\naddition, percent G release was enhanced at high pH values\n(pH 7.4 and pH 7.8, p<0.01).\nConclusion The new formulation exhibits colon-targeted delivery\nand the addition of CA prolonged G release suggesting\nits suitability for the sustained and targeted delivery of G and\nCA to the lower intestine....
Purpose Design and synthesis of a tumor responsive nanoparticlebased\nsystem for imaging and treatment of various cancers.\nMethods Manganese oxide nanoparticles (Mn3O4 NPs) were synthesized\nand modified with LHRH targeting peptide or antimelanoma\nantibodies (cancer targeting moieties) and a MMP2 cleavable\npeptide (a possible chemotactic factor). Nanostructured lipid\ncarriers (NLCs) were used to entrap the BRAF inhibitor,\nvemurafenib, and enhance cytotoxicity of the drug. Size distribution,\nstability, drug entrapment, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of synthesized\nnanoparticles were studied in vitro. Enhancement of MRI signal by\nnanoparticles and their body distribution were examined in vivo on\nmouse models of melanoma, ovarian and lung cancers.\nResults Uniform, stable cancer-targeted nanoparticles\n(PEGylated water-soluble Mn3O4 NPs and NLCs) were synthesized.\nNo signs of cyto-,genotoxicity and DNA damage were\ndetected for nanoparticles that do not contain an anticancer drug.\nEntrapment of vemurafenib into nanoparticles significantly enhanced\ndrug toxicity in cancer cells with targeted V600E mutation.\nThe developed nanoparticles containing LHRH and MMP2 peptides\nshowed preferential accumulation in primary and metastatic\ntumors increasing theMRI signal in mice with melanoma, lung and\novarian cancers.\nConclusions The proposed nanoparticle-based systems provide\nthe foundation for building an integrated MRI diagnostic and\ntherapeutic approach for various types of cancer....
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